189 trading and money terms. Each has a clear definition, an everyday comparison and a real example.
A
A yearly document where a listed company explains its results, risks and plans, including audited financial statements.
Think of it like: The company's yearbook.
Real example: US companies file their annual report as a form called the 10-K; listed firms in Indonesia publish theirs on the IDX website.
60-second lesson A currency appreciates when it gets stronger (buys more foreign money) and depreciates when it gets weaker.
Think of it like: Your holiday money buying more abroad one year, and less the next.
Real example: The Japanese yen depreciated from about 115 to over 150 per dollar between 2022 and 2024.
60-second lesson Anything you own that has money value, such as cash, gold, stocks, property or a bond.
Think of it like: Everything in your wallet and cupboard that you could sell.
Real example: A gold coin, a car and the savings in your banking app are all assets.
60-second lesson B
Testing a trading rule on past price data to see how it would have performed.
Think of it like: Practising a game plan on old matches.
Real example: Testing whether "buy above the 20-day average" worked on 10 years of gold prices.
60-second lesson A snapshot of what a company owns (assets), what it owes (liabilities) and what belongs to shareholders (equity).
Think of it like: A photo of the company's wallet and debts on one day.
Real example: Apple's balance sheet in September 2024: about $365 billion of assets = $308 billion of liabilities + $57 billion of equity.
60-second lesson In a pair like EUR/USD, the first currency (EUR) is the base and the second (USD) is the quote. The price is how much quote currency buys one unit of base.
Think of it like: The thing you buy, and the money you pay with.
Real example: EUR/USD = 1.10 means you pay 1.10 dollars for 1 euro.
60-second lesson A long period of falling prices, often defined as a 20% drop from the top.
Think of it like: A big animal that swipes its paws downward.
Real example: The S&P 500 fell about 34% in just over a month, from 19 February to 23 March 2020.
60-second lesson The bid is the highest price buyers will pay right now; the ask is the lowest price sellers will accept. The gap is the spread.
Think of it like: The buy and sell boards at a money changer.
Real example: Bid 1.1248, ask 1.1250 for EUR/USD. Sellers get the bid; buyers pay the ask.
60-second lesson The first and largest cryptocurrency by market value, launched in 2009, with a fixed maximum supply of 21 million coins.
Think of it like: Digital gold, with much bigger swings.
Real example: Bitcoin first passed $100,000 in December 2024, two years after trading near $16,000.
60-second lesson A shared digital record of transactions copied across many computers, making it hard to change past entries.
Think of it like: A class notebook that every student keeps an identical copy of.
Real example: Every bitcoin transfer since January 2009 is recorded on the bitcoin blockchain, copied on thousands of computers.
60-second lesson A large, well-known company with a long record of steady profits.
Think of it like: The established stars of the stock market.
Real example: Apple, Toyota, Nestlé and Indonesia's Bank Central Asia (BCA) are often called blue chips.
60-second lesson Bands drawn above and below a moving average at a distance based on recent volatility. They widen when markets get wild.
Think of it like: Elastic guard rails around price.
Real example: Narrow bands often come before a big move.
60-second lesson A loan you give to a government or company. They pay you regular interest and return your money on a set date.
Think of it like: Being the bank instead of the borrower.
Real example: A 5-year government bond paying 4% a year on $10,000 pays $400 a year.
60-second lesson When price moves clearly above resistance or below support, often with extra trading volume.
Think of it like: Breaking through the ceiling into the next floor.
Real example: Gold broke above $2,100 in March 2024 and kept climbing, passing $2,700 by October 2024.
60-second lesson A licensed company that lets you buy and sell investments through its app or platform. It earns from fees, commissions or the spread.
Think of it like: The gatekeeper to the market.
Real example: Check a broker's licence on the regulator's website before depositing money.
60-second lesson A plan for how your monthly income will be spent, saved and invested.
Think of it like: A map for your salary before it leaves your account.
Real example: The 50/30/20 rule: 50% needs, 30% wants, 20% savings.
60-second lesson When a government spends more than it collects in a year, and borrows the difference.
Think of it like: Spending more than your salary and using a loan for the rest.
Real example: EU rules ask members to keep deficits under 3% of GDP, and Indonesia's law sets the same 3% ceiling.
60-second lesson A long period when prices keep rising and people feel confident.
Think of it like: A charging animal that tosses its horns upward.
Real example: The S&P 500 rose about 400% from March 2009 to February 2020, the longest run of rising US stock prices on record.
60-second lesson C
A chart bar that shows four prices for one period: open, close, high and low. Green means it closed higher than it opened; red means lower.
Think of it like: A one-picture summary of a whole day (or week, or month) of trading.
Real example: A daily gold candle opening at $4,300 and closing at $4,330 is green.
60-second lesson Money moving between countries to invest. Inflows tend to strengthen a currency; outflows weaken it.
Think of it like: Tides of money flowing in and out.
Real example: In the 2013 Taper Tantrum, money flowed out of emerging markets such as India, Brazil, Turkey and Indonesia, and their currencies fell.
60-second lesson Borrowing in a low-interest currency to invest in a higher-interest one, earning the gap. It can unwind violently when markets panic.
Think of it like: Borrowing your sister's bike for free and renting it out to a friend for a fee.
Real example: When the yen jumped in early August 2024, traders rushed to repay yen loans and Japan's Nikkei 225 fell 12% on 5 August.
60-second lesson The actual cash moving in and out of a company. A company can show profits but still run out of cash.
Think of it like: Profit is the score on paper; this is the money that actually lands in your pocket.
Real example: Sell $5,000 of goods on 60-day credit: the profit shows up this month, but the cash arrives two months later.
60-second lesson The public institution that manages a country's money, sets its main interest rate and supervises payment systems.
Think of it like: The referee of the money game.
Real example: The US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, Bank Indonesia, the Bank of Mexico (Banxico) and the Reserve Bank of India.
60-second lesson Contract for difference: a deal with your broker to swap the change in an asset's price, without owning the asset. Usually traded with leverage.
Think of it like: Renting price movement instead of buying the thing.
Real example: A gold CFD lets you go short on gold with $200 margin. You pay financing for each night you hold it.
60-second lesson A fossil fuel burned for electricity and used to make steel. Indonesia and Australia were the biggest exporters in 2024.
Think of it like: The power station's old workhorse, cheap but dirty.
Real example: Newcastle coal prices hit records above $400 a tonne in 2022, after the war in Ukraine disrupted energy supplies.
60-second lesson A raw material traded worldwide in standard units, like oil, gold, coal, palm oil, nickel or rice.
Think of it like: Ingredients for the whole economy.
Real example: Oil is priced in US dollars per barrel (159 litres).
60-second lesson When your returns start earning returns of their own, so growth speeds up over time.
Think of it like: A snowball rolling downhill.
Real example: $1,000 growing 10% a year becomes about $6,700 after 20 years.
60-second lesson The habit of noticing only information that agrees with what you already believe.
Think of it like: Wearing glasses that only show what you want to see.
Real example: Only reading posts that say your stock will go up.
60-second lesson A period when price moves sideways in a tight range, often before the next big move.
Think of it like: The market catching its breath.
Real example: Long consolidations near resistance can lead to breakouts.
60-second lesson An official index that tracks the prices of a typical basket of goods and services. Its change over 12 months is the inflation rate.
Think of it like: A shopping list that gets priced every month.
Real example: US CPI comes out every month at 8:30 a.m. New York time. Housing makes up about a third of its basket.
60-second lesson Inflation without food and energy, which jump around. Central banks watch it to see the underlying trend.
Think of it like: Weighing yourself without your heavy winter coat.
Real example: US core CPI was 6.3% in October 2022, below the 6.5% forecast.
60-second lesson The interest a bond pays, usually as a fixed percentage of its face value.
Think of it like: The regular rent a bond pays you.
Real example: A $10,000 bond with a 5% coupon pays $500 a year.
60-second lesson A card that lets you borrow to pay now and settle later. If you don't pay the full bill each month, interest builds up fast.
Think of it like: A short-term loan in your wallet.
Real example: Many credit cards charge 20% a year or more on unpaid balances, far more than a savings account pays.
60-second lesson A record of how you have repaid loans and cards. Lenders check it before they lend to you.
Think of it like: Your report card as a borrower.
Real example: In the US, FICO credit scores run from 300 to 850, and paying bills on time is the biggest single factor.
60-second lesson Unrefined oil pumped from the ground. WTI (US) and Brent (North Sea) are the two main price benchmarks.
Think of it like: The fuel tank of the world economy.
Real example: US oil (WTI) doubled from about $57 in January 2026 to about $115 in April 2026.
60-second lesson A digital asset recorded on a blockchain. In most countries it is traded as an asset, not legal money, and the rules differ widely.
Think of it like: Digital tokens that trade like a very volatile commodity.
Real example: Bitcoin fell about 75% from its late-2021 peak to the end of 2022.
60-second lesson Two currencies quoted together, like EUR/USD. The price tells you how much of the second currency buys one unit of the first.
Think of it like: A seesaw: when one side goes up, the other goes down.
Real example: USD/JPY at 150 means 1 US dollar buys 150 Japanese yen.
60-second lesson A country's trade in goods and services plus income flows with the rest of the world. A deficit means more money goes out than comes in.
Think of it like: A household's money in and money out with the rest of the street.
Real example: Persistent current account deficits can pressure a currency, as Turkey saw in 2018.
60-second lesson D
Buying and selling within the same day and closing all positions before the market closes.
Think of it like: Racing laps, not road trips.
Real example: A study of day traders in Brazil (2013 to 2015) found that 97% of those who kept going for more than 300 days lost money.
60-second lesson Money you have borrowed and must pay back, usually with interest.
Think of it like: Spending your future salary today.
Real example: A $1,200 phone bought on instalments is debt until the last payment.
60-second lesson A company's debt divided by its shareholders' equity. A high number means it relies heavily on borrowing.
Think of it like: How much of the house is owned by the bank.
Real example: Debt $200 million and equity $100 million = a ratio of 2.
60-second lesson When prices fall across the whole economy. It sounds nice, but it often means weak demand and job losses.
Think of it like: Shops cutting prices because nobody is buying.
Real example: In Japan, prices fell or barely moved in most years from the late 1990s to the early 2010s.
60-second lesson A practice account with pretend money and real market prices.
Think of it like: A driving simulator before the real road.
Real example: A beginner practises placing stop losses on a demo account for a month before risking any real money.
60-second lesson A government scheme that repays bank savers up to a limit if their bank fails.
Think of it like: A safety net under your bank savings.
Real example: The US FDIC covers up to $250,000 per depositor per bank, EU schemes €100,000 and Indonesia's LPS Rp2 billion.
60-second lesson A financial contract whose value comes from another asset, such as a stock, currency or commodity. Futures and options are derivatives.
Think of it like: A bet on something, not the thing itself.
Real example: A gold CFD rises and falls with the gold price, but you never own a single gram of gold.
60-second lesson A deliberate cut in a currency's official value by a government or central bank, usually under a fixed exchange rate.
Think of it like: Officially relabelling the price of your money.
Real example: China devalued the yuan by about 2% in August 2015, shaking global markets.
60-second lesson The habit of selling winners too early and holding losers too long.
Think of it like: Pulling up the flowers and watering the weeds.
Real example: A 1998 study of 10,000 US brokerage accounts found investors sold winners about 50% more readily than losers.
60-second lesson Spreading money across different assets so one bad investment cannot sink you.
Think of it like: Not putting all your eggs in one basket.
Real example: In 2022 the S&P 500 fell about 19% while gold ended the year almost flat, so holding both softened the blow.
60-second lesson Part of a company's profit paid out to its shareholders, usually in cash.
Think of it like: Rent paid to you for owning part of the building.
Real example: A company pays $0.50 per share each quarter. With 200 shares you receive $100.
60-second lesson A candle where open and close are almost the same, so the body is tiny. Buyers and sellers ended undecided.
Think of it like: A tug of war that ended where it started.
Real example: A doji after a long rally can be the first sign the rally is tiring.
60-second lesson Investing a fixed amount on a regular schedule, whatever the price, so you buy more when prices are low and less when they are high.
Think of it like: Spending the same amount on fruit every week: more apples when they are cheap, fewer when they are pricey.
Real example: Buying $200 of an index fund every payday, whatever the price that month.
60-second lesson A chart from the Fed, published four times a year, where each official marks where they expect rates to go.
Think of it like: Each referee writing down the final score they expect.
Real example: In December 2024 the dots showed fewer cuts for 2025 than before, and stocks fell about 3% that day.
60-second lesson Price hits the same high twice and fails (double top), or the same low twice and holds (double bottom).
Think of it like: Knocking on a locked door twice.
Real example: A double bottom near support is a classic reversal setup.
60-second lesson The fall from an account's peak to its lowest point before a new peak.
Think of it like: How deep the hole got before you climbed out.
Real example: An account that goes from $10,000 to $7,000 has a 30% drawdown, and needs +43% to recover.
60-second lesson E
A company's profit over a period, usually reported every quarter.
Think of it like: The company's report card.
Real example: Meta's shares jumped about 20% in one day in February 2024 after strong quarterly results.
60-second lesson A schedule of important data releases and central bank meetings that often move markets.
Think of it like: A season's match schedule, but for market news.
Real example: Inflation data, jobs reports and Fed meetings are all on it.
60-second lesson Cash kept aside for surprises like losing a job or a hospital bill, usually 3 to 6 months of living costs.
Think of it like: A spare tyre for your finances.
Real example: Monthly costs of $2,000 means an emergency fund of $6,000 to $12,000.
60-second lesson A fast-growing economy that is still developing its markets and institutions, such as India, Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico or South Africa.
Think of it like: A rising star: more growth, more bumps.
Real example: In 2022, as US rates rose fast, India's rupee fell past 80 per dollar for the first time.
60-second lesson A two-candle pattern where the second candle's body completely covers the first, in the opposite colour.
Think of it like: The other team taking over the whole field.
Real example: A big green candle swallowing a red one after a fall is a bullish engulfing.
60-second lesson Exchange-traded fund: a fund that holds many assets (often a whole index) and trades on the stock exchange like a single share.
Think of it like: A combo meal: one order, many items.
Real example: One unit of an S&P 500 ETF gives you a small piece of 500 companies.
60-second lesson The price of one currency in another currency.
Think of it like: The price tag on money itself.
Real example: If 1 US dollar = 16,000 rupiah, a $10 game subscription costs Rp160,000 in Indonesia.
60-second lesson What a trading method makes on average per trade: (win rate x average win) minus (loss rate x average loss).
Think of it like: Your average score per game over a whole season.
Real example: If R is the amount you risk per trade, winning 40% of trades at 2R and losing 60% at 1R gives +0.2R per trade on average.
60-second lesson Exports are goods and services sold abroad; imports are those bought from abroad.
Think of it like: What the country sells to and buys from the world.
Real example: Oil is Saudi Arabia's biggest export; cars are Germany's.
60-second lesson F
Levels (23.6%, 38.2%, 50%, 61.8%) that traders use to guess where a pullback might stop.
Think of it like: Common resting spots on the way back down.
Real example: Many traders watch the 50% to 61.8% zone in a pullback.
60-second lesson A specific amount you want to have by a specific date, for something you care about.
Think of it like: A destination for your money.
Real example: $12,000 for a house deposit in 5 years means saving about $200 a month.
60-second lesson How the government uses spending and taxes to influence the economy. It is set by the government, while monetary policy is set by the central bank.
Think of it like: The government's steering wheel, next to the central bank's brake pedal.
Real example: Fuel subsidies and infrastructure spending are fiscal policy.
60-second lesson The Federal Open Market Committee: the Fed group that sets US interest rates. It meets eight times a year and announces at 2:00 p.m. New York time.
Think of it like: The Fed's rate-setting jury.
Real example: The FOMC cut rates by half a point on 18 September 2024, its first cut since 2020.
60-second lesson Fear of missing out: jumping into a trade only because the price is already flying and others are making money.
Think of it like: Running for a bus that is already leaving.
Real example: Jumping into a stock because your group chat says it doubled this week, with no plan or stop loss.
60-second lesson On an economic calendar, the forecast (or consensus) is what economists expect; the actual is the real number. Markets react to the gap: the surprise.
Think of it like: A test score compared with what everyone predicted.
Real example: Forecast 7.9%, actual 7.7%: the October 2022 US CPI surprise sent the S&P 500 up 5.5%.
60-second lesson When foreign companies build or buy businesses, factories or mines in a country for the long term.
Think of it like: A foreign company moving in, not just visiting.
Real example: Japanese carmakers such as Toyota and Nissan building factories in Mexico is FDI.
60-second lesson Foreign currency and gold held by the central bank, used to pay for imports and to steady the currency.
Think of it like: The country's emergency savings account in dollars.
Real example: Japan sold dollars from its reserves in 2022 and 2024 to slow a falling yen.
60-second lesson An agreement to buy or sell something at a fixed price on a future date. Used for hedging and speculation.
Think of it like: Locking in tomorrow's price today.
Real example: A palm oil exporter can sell futures to lock in a price before harvest.
60-second lesson G
Believing a streak must end soon because it has gone on long, when each event is independent.
Think of it like: Thinking a coin "owes" you heads after five tails in a row.
Real example: At Monte Carlo in 1913, roulette landed on black 26 times in a row, and players lost fortunes betting red was "due".
60-second lesson A jump between one candle's close and the next candle's open, with no trading in between.
Think of it like: Price teleporting overnight.
Real example: Meta shares opened more than 20% lower on 3 February 2022 after weak results, leaving a big gap on the chart.
60-second lesson Gross domestic product: the total value of all goods and services a country produces in a period. Its growth rate shows if the economy is expanding.
Think of it like: The size of the whole economic pie.
Real example: Indonesia's GDP grew about 5% a year in most years from 2014 to 2024, but shrank about 2% in 2020 during the pandemic.
60-second lesson A precious metal held as a store of value. It pays no interest but cannot be printed or go bankrupt.
Think of it like: Money's oldest backup plan.
Real example: Gold first passed $4,000 an ounce in October 2025 and averaged about $4,319 in September 2026.
60-second lesson When a 50-period moving average crosses above a 200-period one, often read as a long-term bullish sign.
Think of it like: This month's average mark climbing above your average for the whole year.
Real example: The opposite, a 50 crossing below a 200, is called a death cross.
60-second lesson The total amount a government owes, often compared with the size of the economy (debt-to-GDP).
Think of it like: The total on a country's credit card statement, built up over many years.
Real example: In 2024 Japan's government debt was more than 200% of GDP; Indonesia's was about 40%.
60-second lesson H
A candle with a small body near the top and a long lower wick, appearing after a fall. Sellers pushed down, but buyers took control by the close.
Think of it like: A ball dropped on the floor that bounces straight back up.
Real example: A hammer at a support level is a classic sign buyers are stepping in.
60-second lesson Hawkish means leaning toward higher rates to fight inflation. Dovish means leaning toward lower rates to support jobs and growth.
Think of it like: Two coaches: one fears the team overheating, the other fears it running out of energy.
Real example: Fed chair Jerome Powell in 2022: "We will keep at it until we are confident the job is done." That is hawkish.
60-second lesson Taking a second position that gains if your main investment loses, to reduce risk.
Think of it like: Buying insurance on your trade.
Real example: A Malaysian palm oil grower can sell futures before harvest to lock in today's price.
60-second lesson Following what everyone else is doing instead of your own analysis.
Think of it like: Running because everyone is running.
Real example: Buying a coin because everyone in your group chat is buying it.
60-second lesson A long-term loan to buy a home, repaid monthly over many years (often 10 to 30), with the home as security.
Think of it like: Paying rent to the bank until, one day, the house is all yours.
Real example: A $300,000 mortgage over 25 years at 6% a year costs about $580,000 in total: nearly as much again in interest.
60-second lesson Extremely fast inflation, usually defined as more than 50% a month, that destroys a currency's value.
Think of it like: Money melting like ice in the sun.
Real example: Zimbabwe in 2008 and Venezuela in 2018 suffered hyperinflation.
60-second lesson I
A report showing a company's revenue, costs and profit over a period.
Think of it like: The company's scorecard for the quarter.
Real example: Microsoft's income statement for the year to June 2024 showed about $245 billion of revenue and $88 billion of net profit.
60-second lesson A number that tracks the combined price of a group of stocks, so you can see how that whole market is doing.
Think of it like: A class average instead of one student's grade.
Real example: The FTSE 100 tracks 100 big UK companies, India's Nifty 50 tracks 50, and Mexico's S&P/BMV IPC about 35.
60-second lesson The rate at which prices rise across the economy, so the same money buys less over time.
Think of it like: Your money slowly shrinking in the wash.
Real example: US inflation peaked at 9.1% in June 2022, the highest in about 40 years.
60-second lesson Paying for something in fixed monthly parts instead of all at once. Many include interest or fees.
Think of it like: Taking the whole cake home today and paying for it one slice a month.
Real example: A $600 phone over 12 months at 2% a month costs about $680 in total.
60-second lesson Paying a regular fee (premium) so an insurer covers big costs if something bad happens, like illness or an accident.
Think of it like: Everyone in class puts a coin in a jar, and whoever's bike gets stolen is paid from it.
Real example: Indonesia's national health insurance, BPJS Kesehatan, collects monthly contributions from members and pays for their covered hospital care.
60-second lesson The price of borrowing money, shown as a percentage per year. For savers, it is the reward for lending.
Think of it like: Rent you pay for using someone else's money.
Real example: Borrow $20,000 for one year at 8% and you pay back $21,600: the extra $1,600 is the interest.
60-second lesson Putting money into assets you plan to hold for years, hoping they grow in value or pay income.
Think of it like: Planting a tree and waiting for it to grow.
Real example: Putting part of every payday into a fund for 10 years, for your child's school fees.
60-second lesson A scheme that promises high, guaranteed or fast returns, often paying old members with new members' money.
Think of it like: A chain letter: early players are paid by later ones, until new players run out.
Real example: Promises like "10% a month, guaranteed" are a classic red flag. Check your regulator's list of licensed firms and its warning list.
60-second lesson Initial public offering: the first time a company sells its shares to the public on a stock exchange.
Think of it like: A company's graduation day onto the stock market.
Real example: Saudi Aramco's IPO in December 2019 raised about $25.6 billion, a record at the time.
60-second lesson L
Using borrowed money to control a bigger position than your cash. It multiplies both gains and losses.
Think of it like: Riding a bike downhill: you go much faster, and a crash hurts much more.
Real example: At 1:100 leverage, $1,000 controls $100,000, so a 1% move wins or loses your whole $1,000.
60-second lesson An order to buy or sell only at your chosen price or better.
Think of it like: "I'll buy, but only if it drops to my price."
Real example: A buy limit at $49 waits below today's $50 price and fills only if price dips to $49.
60-second lesson How quickly you can sell an asset at a fair price without moving the price.
Think of it like: Cash is water: it flows instantly. A house is ice: it takes time to melt into cash.
Real example: EUR/USD is so liquid you can trade millions in a second. Selling a used car can take a week.
60-second lesson Buying an asset because you expect its price to rise.
Think of it like: Buying a rare trading card because you think it will be worth more next year.
Real example: Buying gold at $4,300 hoping to sell at $4,500.
60-second lesson People feel losses about twice as strongly as gains of the same size, which makes them hold losing trades too long.
Think of it like: Losing a banknote ruins your day more than finding one makes it.
Real example: Refusing to sell a losing stock "until it comes back".
60-second lesson A standard trade size in forex. One standard lot is 100,000 units of the base currency; a micro lot is 1,000.
Think of it like: Buying eggs by the tray instead of one by one.
Real example: A 0.01 lot of EUR/USD controls 1,000 euros.
60-second lesson M
Moving Average Convergence Divergence: an indicator built from a fast and a slow moving average (often 12 and 26 periods) to show momentum shifts.
Think of it like: Two runners: watch who is speeding up.
Real example: When the MACD line crosses above its signal line, many traders read it as momentum turning up.
60-second lesson The deposit your broker locks to let you open a leveraged position.
Think of it like: A security deposit on a rental.
Real example: At 1:30 leverage, a $30,000 position needs $1,000 margin.
60-second lesson A broker's warning or forced close-out when losses eat into your margin. EU, UK and Australian rules close retail CFD trades once equity falls to half the required margin.
Think of it like: Your phone warning 'battery low' before it switches itself off.
Real example: In March 2021 margin calls hit the investment firm Archegos: forced sales followed and banks lost more than $10 billion.
60-second lesson A place, physical or online, where buyers and sellers agree on prices for things like stocks, gold or currencies.
Think of it like: A busy bazaar where shoppers and sellers haggle until they agree on a price.
Real example: The New York Stock Exchange is a market for company shares. The forex market has no building at all: banks trade by screen.
60-second lesson The total value of a company's shares: share price times the number of shares.
Think of it like: The price tag for buying the whole company.
Real example: 1 billion shares at $50 each = $50 billion. In October 2025 Nvidia became the first company worth over $5 trillion.
60-second lesson An order to buy or sell right now at the best available price.
Think of it like: "I'll take it, whatever the price is now."
Real example: You click buy on EUR/USD at 1.1250 and get filled at 1.1251 because price moved: that small gap is called slippage.
60-second lesson What a central bank does to influence inflation and growth, mainly by changing interest rates and the amount of money in the system.
Think of it like: Pressing the brake or the accelerator on the economy.
Real example: In 2022 and 2023 the Fed raised rates from near 0% to over 5% to cool inflation: a "tight" monetary policy.
60-second lesson The total amount of money circulating in an economy. Growing it much faster than the economy can push up inflation.
Think of it like: Adding more water to the same amount of soup.
Real example: Zimbabwe in 2008 and Venezuela in the late 2010s suffered hyperinflation after printing huge amounts of money.
60-second lesson The average closing price of a set number of recent candles, drawn as a smooth line. Price above a rising average suggests an uptrend.
Think of it like: Your overall mark from your last five tests: one bad test only nudges it a little.
Real example: A 20-day moving average averages the last 20 daily closes.
60-second lesson A pool of money from many investors, managed by professionals who buy stocks, bonds or deposits. Funds are supervised by each country's market regulator.
Think of it like: Joining a group buy with an expert doing the shopping.
Real example: A money market fund invests in deposits and short-term bonds.
60-second lesson N
A rule that stops retail clients losing more than the money in their account. Required in the EU, UK and Australia.
Think of it like: A floor under your account at zero.
Real example: After a huge weekend gap, your account goes to -$300. With protection, the broker resets it to $0.
60-second lesson Everything you own minus everything you owe.
Think of it like: Your financial scoreboard.
Real example: $15,000 of savings minus a $5,000 loan = $10,000 net worth.
60-second lesson A metal used in stainless steel and electric-vehicle batteries. Indonesia mined more than half of the world's supply in 2024.
Think of it like: A hidden ingredient in your spoons and pans, and in many electric cars.
Real example: In March 2022 nickel prices more than doubled in two days on the London Metal Exchange, which then suspended trading for a week.
60-second lesson The monthly count of US jobs added, outside farms. Released on the first Friday of most months at 8:30 a.m. New York time, and one of the biggest market movers.
Think of it like: The monthly health check of the US job market.
Real example: In July 2024 the US added 114,000 jobs against a forecast of 175,000, and stocks fell.
60-second lesson O
The four prices inside every candle: where the period started (open), its highest point (high), its lowest point (low) and where it ended (close).
Think of it like: A race summary: where you started, your best and worst moments, and where you finished.
Real example: Oil opened the week at $90, hit $96, dipped to $88 and closed at $94.
60-second lesson Contracts that give the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) at a set price before a set date.
Think of it like: A paid reservation you can choose to use or not.
Real example: A call to buy a share at $100 costs $5. If the share rises to $120 you gain $15; if it stays below $100 you lose only the $5.
60-second lesson The live list of all buy and sell orders waiting at each price.
Think of it like: The queue at the market stall, visible to everyone.
Real example: A big sell order in the book can act like resistance.
60-second lesson RSI above 70 is called overbought, below 30 oversold. They signal a fast move that may pause, not a guaranteed reversal.
Think of it like: A runner sprinting fast: they may slow down, or keep going.
Real example: RSI can stay above 70 for weeks during a strong rally.
60-second lesson Believing your knowledge or skill is better than it is. It leads to trading too often and too big.
Think of it like: Every driver thinks they are above average.
Real example: When asked for ranges they are 90% sure of, most people are right far less than 90% of the time.
60-second lesson The daily fee (or credit) for holding a leveraged position past the rollover. Also called swap.
Think of it like: Rent on borrowed money, charged every night.
Real example: A $10,000 long CFD at 7% a year costs about $1.90 a night.
60-second lesson P
Price-to-earnings ratio: the share price divided by yearly profit per share. It shows how much investors pay for each $1 of profit.
Think of it like: How many years of profit you pay upfront for the business.
Real example: A share at $100 earning $5 per share has a P/E of 20.
60-second lesson Crude palm oil, used in cooking oil, food and biofuel. Indonesia and Malaysia grow most of the world's supply.
Think of it like: A hidden ingredient in instant noodles, biscuits, soap and shampoo.
Real example: From late April to late May 2022, Indonesia banned palm oil exports to bring down cooking oil prices at home.
60-second lesson "Buy now, pay later": short-term credit offered at checkout, often in shopping apps. Late payments add fees and can hurt your credit history.
Think of it like: A shop letting you take it home and pay next month.
Real example: In Indonesia, paylater debts show up in OJK's credit records (SLIK), so missed bills can make a home loan harder to get later.
60-second lesson A very low-priced, often small and thinly traded stock. Prices can swing wildly and are easier to manipulate.
Think of it like: A lottery ticket dressed as an investment.
Real example: In the US, the SEC treats most shares trading under $5 as penny stocks; small amounts of money can make them jump or crash.
60-second lesson Income to live on after you stop working, paid from savings built up during your career, by an employer scheme or by the state.
Think of it like: A gift from your younger self to your older self.
Real example: In the UK, auto-enrolment puts at least 8% of qualifying pay into a workplace pension, with at least 3% from the employer.
60-second lesson The smallest standard price step in a currency pair: 0.0001 for most pairs, 0.01 for pairs with the Japanese yen.
Think of it like: One tick on the currency ruler.
Real example: EUR/USD moving from 1.1500 to 1.1510 is a 10-pip move.
60-second lesson The full collection of investments one person holds.
Think of it like: Your whole plate, not just one dish.
Real example: Your year-end bonus split three ways: 40% in a stock fund, 40% in government bonds, 20% in gold.
60-second lesson How much money you put into one trade, chosen so a stop loss only costs a small, planned part of your account.
Think of it like: How big a bite you take.
Real example: With $10,000 and a 1% rule you risk $100. If your stop is $2 below your entry, you buy at most 50 shares.
60-second lesson Share price divided by book value per share (equity per share). Below 1 means the market values the company below its accounting value.
Think of it like: Paying more or less for a shop than its stock and cash are worth on paper.
Real example: A share at $20 with book value $10 has a price-to-book of 2.
60-second lesson When the market already expects something, the price has moved before it happens, so the news itself causes little reaction.
Think of it like: Last week's weather forecast: by today, everyone has their umbrella.
Real example: A Fed cut that was 99% expected barely moves the dollar. A surprise one does.
60-second lesson What is left after a company pays all its costs. Also called net income or earnings.
Think of it like: What you keep after paying everyone else.
Real example: Revenue $2,000 minus costs $1,600 = $400 profit.
60-second lesson Profit as a percentage of revenue. It shows how much of each dollar of sales the company keeps.
Think of it like: How much of each sale ends up in your pocket.
Real example: $400 profit on $2,000 sales = a 20% margin.
60-second lesson A short move against the main trend before the trend continues.
Think of it like: Taking a step back before taking two steps forward.
Real example: In an uptrend, buyers often wait for a pullback to support.
60-second lesson How much your money can actually buy. Inflation reduces it over time.
Think of it like: The real size of your shopping bag.
Real example: In the US, prices nearly doubled from 2000 to 2025: what $100 bought in 2000 cost about $187 in 2025.
60-second lesson Q
When a central bank creates money to buy bonds, pushing long-term interest rates down to support the economy.
Think of it like: Pumping extra fuel into a stalled engine.
Real example: Japan's central bank first tried QE in 2001. The Fed used it after the 2008 crisis and again in 2020.
60-second lesson R
The interest rate minus inflation. It shows the true reward for saving or cost of borrowing.
Think of it like: Interest after the price-rise tax.
Real example: A 5% interest rate with 3% inflation is a real rate of about 2%.
60-second lesson Your return after subtracting inflation. It shows whether your money really grew.
Think of it like: Growth you can actually spend.
Real example: A 4% deposit with 3% inflation gives about 1% real return.
60-second lesson A period when the economy shrinks, often defined as two quarters in a row of falling GDP. Jobs become harder to find.
Think of it like: The economy catching a cold.
Real example: In 2020, during the pandemic, the UK economy shrank about 10%, its worst year in roughly 300 years.
60-second lesson A public body that licenses and supervises financial firms to protect the public, such as the FCA (UK), the SEC (US), OJK (Indonesia), SEBI (India) or CNBV (Mexico).
Think of it like: The referee who can show a red card.
Real example: Before you deposit, search the broker's name on your national regulator's register.
60-second lesson A price level where rising prices have stalled before, because sellers showed up.
Think of it like: A ceiling that price has bumped its head on.
Real example: Gold peaked near $2,075 in August 2020, stalled near that level again in 2023, and only broke through in March 2024.
60-second lesson How much your money grew or shrank, usually shown as a percentage.
Think of it like: Your score at the end of the game.
Real example: Buy a gold coin for $1,000 and sell it for $1,100: a 10% return.
60-second lesson Yearly profit divided by shareholders' equity. It shows how well a company turns owners' money into profit.
Think of it like: How hard the owners' money is working.
Real example: Profit $15 million on equity $100 million = 15% ROE.
60-second lesson Trading bigger or faster right after a loss to win the money back. One of the fastest ways to empty an account.
Think of it like: Chasing the bus that just splashed you.
Real example: Three losses take a trader 3% down. To "win it back", they double the size twice, lose both and end the day 9% down.
60-second lesson The total money a company receives from selling its products or services, before costs.
Think of it like: Everything that goes into the shop's cash register.
Real example: A coffee shop selling 500 cups at $4 has $2,000 revenue.
60-second lesson When a trend changes direction, from up to down or down to up.
Think of it like: The tide turning.
Real example: The S&P 500 peaked in January 2022, then reversed into a bear market that lasted until October.
60-second lesson When a company offers existing shareholders new shares, usually at a discount, to raise money. If you don't buy, your slice shrinks.
Think of it like: The company asking its owners to chip in more.
Real example: In 2021 Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) raised about Rp96 trillion, roughly $6.7 billion, in a rights issue.
60-second lesson The chance that you lose money, or that results are different from what you expected.
Think of it like: How bumpy the road is, and whether you might fall off.
Real example: A small company's stock can drop 50% in a month. A bank deposit almost never does.
60-second lesson The chance that a run of losses shrinks your account so much you can't recover. Bigger risk per trade raises it sharply.
Think of it like: The chance a long storm sinks the boat.
Real example: A winning strategy can still go broke if each trade risks 20% of the account.
60-second lesson Compares how much you could lose with how much you aim to gain on a trade.
Think of it like: Only entering a contest when the prize is worth much more than the entry fee.
Real example: Risking $50 to aim for $100 is a 1:2 risk-reward ratio.
60-second lesson The daily cut-off (5 p.m. New York time) when positions held overnight are charged or paid financing, and spreads often widen.
Think of it like: The shop changing shifts at midnight.
Real example: Holding a CFD past 5 p.m. New York time adds one night of financing. Wednesday usually counts as three nights.
60-second lesson Relative Strength Index: a 0 to 100 gauge comparing the size of recent gains with recent losses, usually over the last 14 candles.
Think of it like: A speedometer for price.
Real example: An RSI of 75 means recent gains have been much bigger than recent losses: buyers have been in control.
60-second lesson S
An index of about 500 large US companies, weighted by size. It is one of the most watched stock indexes in the world.
Think of it like: The scoreboard for corporate America.
Real example: Apple, Microsoft and Nvidia are all in the S&P 500.
60-second lesson An asset investors buy when they are scared because it tends to hold its value: gold, the US dollar, the Japanese yen or US government bonds.
Think of it like: The umbrella everyone grabs when it rains.
Real example: In March 2020, investors rushed into the US dollar.
60-second lesson A bank account that keeps your money safe and pays a small interest rate. You can usually take money out any time.
Think of it like: A safe piggy bank that pays you a little rent.
Real example: A savings account paying 2% a year adds $200 a year on $10,000.
60-second lesson The hours when two big centres are open at once, usually the busiest and cheapest time to trade.
Think of it like: Rush hour, when two crowds meet.
Real example: London and New York overlap for about four hours every weekday.
60-second lesson When a company buys back its own shares from the market, reducing the number of shares.
Think of it like: Fewer slices of the same pizza for the remaining owners.
Real example: In May 2024 Apple announced a $110 billion share buyback, the biggest ever announced by a US company at the time.
60-second lesson Selling an asset you have borrowed, hoping to buy it back cheaper later. Losses can be large if the price rises instead.
Think of it like: Selling an umbrella you borrowed, planning to buy one back after the rain.
Real example: Sell at 100, buy back at 90: a profit of 10 before costs. If price rises to 120 instead, you lose 20.
60-second lesson The difference between the price you expected and the price you actually got, common in fast markets.
Think of it like: The price on the shelf changing while you walk to the till.
Real example: When the Swiss franc soared within minutes in January 2015, many stop losses were filled far worse than planned.
60-second lesson The gap between the price you can buy at (ask) and the price you can sell at (bid). It is a cost on every trade.
Think of it like: The money changer's cut.
Real example: Your broker quotes EUR/USD at 1.1248 (bid) and 1.1250 (ask). The 2-pip gap is the spread, paid the moment you open.
60-second lesson A cryptocurrency designed to keep a steady value, usually 1 US dollar, normally backed by reserves such as cash and short-term bonds.
Think of it like: An arcade token that should always swap back for exactly one dollar.
Real example: TerraUSD had no real reserves behind it: it lost its $1 peg in May 2022 and collapsed to almost zero.
60-second lesson High inflation combined with weak growth and rising unemployment at the same time.
Think of it like: Paying more while earning less.
Real example: Many countries suffered stagflation in the 1970s oil shocks.
60-second lesson A small piece of ownership in a company, also called a share. If the company grows its profits, the share can become worth more.
Think of it like: Owning one slice of a pizza company.
Real example: Indonesian shares trade in lots of 100: buy one lot of a listed bank and you own 100 tiny slices of that bank.
60-second lesson The regulated marketplace where company shares are listed and traded.
Think of it like: The official shopping mall for company shares.
Real example: The New York Stock Exchange, the London Stock Exchange, the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), Mexico's BMV and India's National Stock Exchange.
60-second lesson When a company divides each share into several cheaper shares. Your total value stays the same.
Think of it like: Cutting a pizza into more slices: same pizza.
Real example: Nvidia split its shares 10-for-1 in June 2024: one share of about $1,200 became ten shares of about $120.
60-second lesson An order that closes your trade automatically if price reaches a level you chose in advance, to limit your loss.
Think of it like: An emergency exit you mark before entering the building.
Real example: Buy at $100 with a stop at $95: the most you lose is about 5%, unless price gaps past your stop.
60-second lesson An order that becomes a market order once price touches your level. Buy stops sit above the price; sell stops sit below.
Think of it like: A tripwire that fires your order the moment price steps on it.
Real example: A buy stop at $105 catches a breakout above resistance at $104.
60-second lesson A sharia-compliant alternative to a bond. Investors share in income from real assets instead of earning interest.
Think of it like: Co-owning a shop with friends and sharing the rent it earns, instead of lending money for interest.
Real example: Governments from Saudi Arabia to Malaysia, Indonesia and the UK have issued sukuk.
60-second lesson Prices rise when buyers want more than sellers offer, and fall when there is more on offer than buyers want.
Think of it like: Concert tickets: few seats, many fans, high prices.
Real example: Before Eid, Christmas or Diwali, flights fill up and fares jump.
60-second lesson A price level where falling prices have stopped before, because buyers stepped in.
Think of it like: A floor that price has bounced off.
Real example: If a stock bounced at $50 three times, $50 is support.
60-second lesson Holding trades for several days to a few weeks to catch one "swing" of price.
Think of it like: Riding one wave at a time.
Real example: A swing trader might buy at support and sell near resistance a week later.
60-second lesson T
An order that closes your trade automatically once price reaches your profit target.
Think of it like: Cashing out at the finish line you chose.
Real example: Buy at $100 with a take profit at $110 locks in a 10% gain if price gets there.
60-second lesson A tax a country puts on imported goods. It makes imports pricier and can trigger trade wars.
Think of it like: An entry fee for foreign products.
Real example: After sweeping US tariffs were announced on 2 April 2025, the S&P 500 fell about 10% in two days.
60-second lesson Money paid to the government. Investment income such as deposit interest and dividends is often taxed.
Think of it like: The government's share of what you earn.
Real example: In Indonesia, the bank takes a 20% final tax from deposit interest on balances above Rp7.5 million.
60-second lesson The Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States. Because the dollar is used worldwide, its decisions move markets everywhere.
Think of it like: The principal of the world's biggest school.
Real example: The Fed's rate-setting committee, the FOMC, meets eight times a year.
60-second lesson Money locked in a bank for a fixed time (often 1 to 12 months) for a higher rate than a savings account. Also called a fixed deposit or CD.
Think of it like: A locked money box you promise not to open for a year, with a bonus for waiting.
Real example: A 12-month deposit of $5,000 at 4% earns about $200 before tax.
60-second lesson How much time one candle covers. Common timeframes: 1 hour, 1 day (daily), 1 week (weekly), 1 month (monthly).
Think of it like: Zooming a map in and out: same road, different detail.
Real example: A sharp drop on a daily chart can be a small dip on a monthly chart.
60-second lesson Exports minus imports. A surplus brings foreign money into the country; a deficit sends it out.
Think of it like: A shop's till: money in from sales minus money out to buy stock.
Real example: Germany and China usually run large trade surpluses; the US usually runs a deficit.
60-second lesson Buying and selling assets over shorter periods (minutes to weeks) to profit from price moves.
Think of it like: Catching waves instead of planting trees.
Real example: Buying EUR/USD on Monday because you expect the euro to jump after Thursday's European Central Bank decision, then selling on Friday.
60-second lesson The hours when a big financial centre is open. Forex follows the sun: Sydney, Tokyo, London, then New York.
Think of it like: Shifts at a 24-hour shop.
Real example: London is the busiest centre: in 2022 about 38% of all currency trading happened in the UK.
60-second lesson A stop loss that moves up as price rises (or down as it falls), locking in more profit as the trade works.
Think of it like: A safety net that climbs with you.
Real example: A 5% trailing stop on a stock that rises from $100 to $120 sits at $114.
60-second lesson Bonds issued by the US government. Every country has its own version: gilts in the UK, Bunds in Germany, JGBs in Japan.
Think of it like: A government's signed promise to pay you back, with interest along the way.
Real example: The 10-year US Treasury yield is a global benchmark: mortgage rates and borrowing costs in many countries tend to follow it.
60-second lesson The general direction of price over many candles: up (higher highs and higher lows), down (lower highs and lower lows) or sideways.
Think of it like: The direction a river flows, even if a few waves splash backwards.
Real example: Gold rose in a long uptrend from about $270 in 2001 to over $1,800 in 2011.
60-second lesson A straight line drawn along the rising lows of an uptrend or the falling highs of a downtrend.
Think of it like: A ruler laid along the path of price.
Real example: A clean break of a rising trend line can warn the uptrend is tiring.
60-second lesson The unit for weighing precious metals: 31.1 grams, a little heavier than an ordinary ounce (28.35 grams).
Think of it like: The gold market's own unit of weight, roughly as heavy as a slice of bread.
Real example: When gold first passed $4,000 an ounce in October 2025, that was about $129 per gram.
60-second lesson U
The share of people in the workforce who have no job but are actively looking for one.
Think of it like: Players on the bench who want to play, out of the whole squad.
Real example: US unemployment jumped from 3.5% in February 2020 to almost 15% in April 2020.
60-second lesson V
How much and how fast a price swings up and down.
Think of it like: A calm lake versus a stormy sea.
Real example: Bitcoin can move 10% in a single day, while EUR/USD rarely moves more than 1%. Bitcoin is far more volatile.
60-second lesson How many shares, contracts or units were traded in a period.
Think of it like: How many people voted. A result with more votes is more convincing.
Real example: A small stock jumping 20% when only a handful of shares traded is less convincing than a move on heavy trading.
60-second lesson W
The thin line above or below a candle's body. It shows prices that were reached but not held by the close.
Think of it like: Footprints showing where price visited before walking back.
Real example: A long lower wick means sellers pushed price down, but buyers pushed it back up.
60-second lesson Y
The yearly income an investment pays, as a percentage of its price. For bonds, when prices fall, yields rise.
Think of it like: The interest rate you actually earn at today's price.
Real example: A bond priced at 100 that pays 6 a year yields 6%. If its price falls to 80, the same 6 is a 7.5% yield.
60-second lesson A line of bond yields from short to long maturities. When short-term yields are above long-term ones (inverted), a US recession has often followed.
Think of it like: A weather forecast drawn by the bond market.
Real example: The US 2-year yield rose above the 10-year in July 2022 and stayed above until September 2024, the longest inversion on record.
60-second lesson